RNAi down-regulation of cinnamate-4-hydroxylase increases artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua As cultivation of the plant is still the only cost effective source of artemisinin, the production takes place in monocultures of A. synthesizes and accumulates the secondary metabolite artemisinin, a compound with antimalarial properties. to the soil environmentĪrtemisia annua L. Loss of artemisinin produced by Artemisia annua L. Proof of concept studies showed that both tissue culture-regenerated plants and rooted cutting performed better than plants derived from seed in terms of uniformity, yield, and consistently high artemisinin content. annua were developed for shoot regeneration, rooting, acclimatization, and field cultivation. Tissue culture and cutting protocols for the mass clonal propagation of A. Field studies of clonally-propagated high- artemisinin plants verified enhanced plant uniformity and an estimated gross primary productivity of up to 70 kg/ha artemisinin, with a crop density of one plant m-2.
Genotypes were identified producing high artemisinin levels of over 2% and possessing improved agronomic characteristics such as high leaf area and shoot biomass production. Typical seed-propagated artemisia plants produce less than 1% (dry weight) artemisinin with yields below 25 kg/ha. An approach combining conventional hybridization and selection with clonal propagation of superior genotypes is proposed as a means to enhance crop yield and artemisinin production. Breeding efforts to produce improved F1 hybrids have been hampered by the inability to produce inbred lines due to self-incompatibility.
Although selection has considerably increased plant artemisinin concentration in the past 15 years, seed-generated plants have highly variable artemisinin content that lowers artemisinin yield per hectare. Grower artemisinin yields rely on plants generated from seeds from open-pollinated parents.
Crop production of artemisia must be increased to meet the growing worldwide demand for artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) to treat malaria. annua remains the principal commercial source of the compound. Although work has progressed on the semi-synthetic production of artemisinin, field production of A. is a vital antimalarial drug effective against Plasmodium falciparum resistant to quinine-derived medicines. Mutui, Theophilus M.Īrtemisinin, produced in the glandular trichomes of Artemisia annua L. Selection and Clonal Propagation of High Artemisinin Genotypes of Artemisia annua
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